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Canada
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For other uses of "Canada" or "Canadian", see Canada (disambiguation) and Canadian (disambiguation).
Canada
Flag
Coat of arms
Motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare  (Latin)
"From Sea to Sea"
Anthem: "O Canada"
Royal anthem: "God Save the Queen"
Capital
Ottawa
45°24′N 75°40′W / 45.4, -75.667
Largest city
Toronto
Official languages
English, French
Recognised regional languages
Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, Cree, Dëne Sųłiné, Gwich’in, Inuvialuktun, Slavey, Tłįchǫ Yatiì
Demonym
Canadian
Government
Parliamentary democracy and Constitutional monarchy
 - 
Monarch
HM Queen Elizabeth II
 - 
Governor General
Michaëlle Jean
 - 
Prime Minister
Stephen Harper
Establishment
 - 
British North America Act
July 1, 1867 
 - 
Statute of Westminster
December 11, 1931 
 - 
Canada Act
April 17, 1982 
Area
 - 
Total
9,984,670 km² (2nd)
3,854,085 sq mi 
 - 
Water (%)
8.92 (891,163 km²/344,080 mi²)
Population
 - 
2008 estimate
33,272,000[1] (36th)
 - 
2006 census
31,612,897 
 - 
Density
3.2/km² (219th)
8.3/sq mi
GDP (PPP)
2007 estimate
 - 
Total
$1.274 trillion[2] (13th)
 - 
Per capita
$38,200[2] (21st)
GDP (nominal)
2007 estimate
 - 
Total
$1.432 trillion [3] (9th)
 - 
Per capita
$42,738 (14th)
Gini 
32.1 (2005)[2] 
HDI (2007)
▲ 0.961 (high) (4th)
Currency
Canadian dollar ($) (CAD)
Time zone
(UTC−3.5 to −8)
 - 
Summer (DST)
 (UTC−2.5 to −7)
Internet TLD
.ca
Calling code
+1
Canada portal
Canada (IPA: /ˈkænədə/) is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area,[2] and shares land borders with the United States to the south and northwest.
The land occupied by Canada was inhabited for millennia by various aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French expeditions explored and later settled the Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 after the Seven Years War. In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.[4][5][6] This began an accretion of additional provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Statute of Westminster in 1931 and culminating in the Canada Act in 1982 which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament.
A federation now comprising ten provinces and three territories, Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. It is a bilingual and multicultural country, with both English and French as official languages at the federal level. Technologically advanced and industrialized, Canada maintains a diversified economy that is heavily reliant upon its abundant natural resources and upon trade—particularly with the United States, with which Canada has a long and complex relationship.

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